What is the life cycle assessment of a solution?
What Is the Life Cycle Assessment of a Solution?
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), also called life cycle analysis, is a holistic way to measure the impact of a product, service, or process on the environment during different life stages/cycles. Different parts of the product's or process' life cycle can affect the environment in many ways.
LCA studies are guided by ISO 14040 & 44 and involve a complete list of inventory flow in each stage of the product's life cycle, including materials, energy, emission, waste generated, etc. LCA can be conducted for different scopes, which are:
- Gate to gate – Focuses only on the manufacturing process
- Cradle to gate – It focuses on the extraction of raw materials from nature until they reach the manufacturing unit.
- Cradle to grave – From the extraction of raw materials to the product disposal
Conducting a Life Cycle Assessment of a product has many benefits. It helps improve product development in efficient policymaking.
Steps of life cycle assessment
LCA is a standardised method that makes the assessment transparent and reliable, and as per the ISO standards, there are four main steps of LCA.
- Defining the goal
- Analysis of the inventory
- Assessing the impact
- Interpreting the findings/assessment
Life Cycle Assessment of HabiNest, a prefab construction solution offered by Tata Steel Nest-In
HabiNest is a Light Gauge Steel Frame (LGSF) solution ideal for building residential buildings and industrial amenities. These buildings are constructed in one-third the time it takes to build a structure of the same size using conventional methods.
Recently a LCA study was conducted on a HabiNest structure of classroom building. The total built area of the construction was approximately 2400 Sq. Ft which was compared with a conventional structure of a similar size.
The total material used in HabiNest was about 192 tons, while for a traditional structure of similar size, it was 547 tons.
Although the construction of HabiNest requires different materials, this construction method uses only 35% of the material resources compared to a conventional structure. Thus, it helps converse a significant amount of resources.
The greenhouse gas-related impacts of HabiNest are about 53% less and uses 48% less fresh water when compared to a conventional structure.
Overall, the LCA study found that the environmental impact of HabiNest is comparatively less than a conventional structure and therefore is an environmentally preferable solution.
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